a) What is Ethnographic Research?
· Documenting or portraying every experiences of individuals by observing and interviewing them and relevant others.
· It is in-depth interviewing and continual, ongoing participant observation of a situation.
· It requires 3 things :
o A detailed description of the culture-sharing group being studied;
o An analysis of this group in terms of perceive themes or perspectives; and
o Some interpretation of the group by the researcher as to meanings and generalizations about the social life of human beings in general.
The ethnographic concepts are:
· Culture, a holistic perspective, contextualisation, an emic perspective, thick description, member checking, a non-judgemental orientation.
Data analysis in ethnographic research:
· Triangulation, patterns, key events, visual representations, statistics, crystallization
Advantages:
· It provides the researcher with a much more comprehensive perspective than other forms of educational research.
· One may gain a much deeper and richer understanding of the observed behaviours.
b) What is historical research?
· It focuses directly / exclusively on the past
· To help people learn from the past failures and success
· 4 Steps in historical research are : defining problems/ hypothesis; searching for relevant sources material; summarizing and evaluating the sources and ; interpreting the evidence obtained.
· 4 basic categories of historical sources : documents, numerical records, oral statemens and relics.
· Advantage: it permits the investigation of topics that could be studied in no other way.
· Disadvantage : controlling for many of the threats to internal validity is not possible in historical research.
Reference:
Fraenkel J.R., & Wallen N.M.(2010). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education,7,500-553.
No comments:
Post a Comment